Foto von Linus Nilsson auf Unsplash The recent ruling in APS Beta Bulgaria (C-337/23) provides another example of the Court of Justice reaffirming its established case law on consumer credit. However, it also illustrates a more subtle tendency: interpretative restraint. This post argues that, while the Court preserves the continuity of its case law, its … Read more
In Case C-630/23 of 30 April 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled on the consequences of the removal of a term relating to exchange rate risk in a leasing agreement denominated in a foreign currency. Facts of the case In June 2007, ZH and KN concluded a leasing agreement denominated in … Read more
If you do use the blog for research or database purposes, citation would be appreciated, to the blog as a whole and /or to specific blog posts. Many have suggested I should turn the blog into a paid for, subscription service however I have resisted doing so. Proper reference to how the blog is useful … Read more
In St. Kliment Ohridski Primary Private School (C‑429/24), the CJEU examined the applicability of the Consumer Rights Directive (CRD) to enrolment contracts between a parent and a privately funded school for the compulsory education of her children. Questions arose as to whether the parent and/or the children qualify as a ‘consumer’ under the CRD and … Read more
Steve Peers, Professor of Law, Royal Holloway University of London* Photo credit: Aldo Ardetti, via Wikimedia Commons *Thanks to Justin Borg-Barthet for corsair quote **This blog post builds on research for the upcoming third edition of The EU Citizenship Directive: A Commentary, by Elspeth Guild, Steve Peers and Jonathan Tomkin (OUP, 2026) Defending … Read more